Medical Ultrasound Imaging
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Tri-Frequency Probe
A tri-frequency probe emits three different frequencies. Probes with tri-frequency capabilities allow a wide range of scanning applications from a single probe.

See also Multi-Frequency Probe and Dual Frequency Phased Array Transducer.
Ultrasound Machine
Ultrasound machines, widely used in medical imaging, are essential tools in the field of diagnostic ultrasound. These devices utilize high-frequency sound waves to create real-time images of internal body structures. Ultrasound machines consist of several key components that work together to generate diagnostic images. These include:
The transducer is a handheld device that emits and receives sound waves. It converts electrical energy into sound waves and captures the returning echoes to create images.
The control panel houses the interface where the sonographer adjusts imaging parameters such as depth, frequency, and gain. It allows for customization of imaging settings based on the clinical requirements. The transducer pulse controls change the amplitude, frequency and duration of the pulses emitted from the transducer probe.
The central processing unit (CPU) serves as the brain of the ultrasound machine, processing the acquired data and transforming it into images. It handles complex calculations, image optimization, data storage and contains the electrical power supplies for itself and the transducer probe.
The display monitor (oscilloscope, tablet, computer monitor, etc.) showcases the real-time ultrasound images produced by the machine. It provides visual feedback to the sonographer, aiding in the interpretation and analysis of anatomical structures. Handheld ultrasound devices and mobile ultrasound probes can be connected wirelessly to a smartphone or tablet via Bluetooth or WiFi. These end device serves then as the ultrasound monitor.
Data input and measurements are done with the keyboard cursor (trackball). Ultrasound devices used for handheld point of care ultrasound (HPOCUS) are operated via the touch screen of the control panel.
Images are captured, reviewed, stored and transmitted digitally, using a standard format for digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM). Disk storage devices (FDD, HDD, CD, DVD) are outdated, but may be used in older machines to store the acquired images if no picture archiving and communication system (PACS) connection is possible.
The displayed ultrasound pictures are usually digitally stored in a PACS. The images from portable ultrasound machines can be stored and conveniently managed on the end device itself, the inserted memory card or in the cloud. With a QR scanner, the images can be accessed via the Internet in the cloud. Often there is also the possibility to get a picture of a baby sonography as a printout.

B-mode machines represent the vast majority of machines used in echocardiology, obstetrical scans, abdominal scans, gynecological scans, etc. B-mode ultrasound machines usually produce the sector (or pie segment-shaped) scans. These ultrasound scans require either a mechanical scanner transducer (the transducer moves to produce the sector scan), or a linear array transducer operated as a phased array.


Ultrasound machines come in different types, each catering to specific clinical needs. The two primary types are stationary and portable ultrasound machines:

Stationary units are typically larger in size and are installed in dedicated imaging rooms. These machines offer advanced imaging capabilities and a wide range of specialized features. They are commonly found in hospitals, clinics, and university medical centers where comprehensive imaging services are provided.
Portable units (see Portable Ultrasound Machine), as the name suggests, are compact and lightweight, designed for on-the-go imaging. These machines are highly versatile and offer excellent mobility, allowing healthcare professionals to bring the ultrasound system directly to the patient's bedside. Portable ultrasound machines are particularly useful in emergency settings, rural healthcare facilities, and point-of-care applications.

See also Handheld Ultrasound, Ultrasound System Performance, Equipment Preparation, Coaxial Cable, and Microbubble Scanner Modification, Environmental Protection and Ultrasound Accessories and Supplies.
Ultrasound Picture
Unlike regular sound, ultrasound can be directed into a single direction. The echoes received by a stationary probe will result in a single dimensional signal showing peaks for every major material change.
To generate a 2D picture, the probe is swiveled, either mechanically or through a phased array of ultrasound transducers. The data is analyzed by computer and used to construct the image. In a similar way, 3D pictures can be generated by computer using a specialized probe. In this way, a photo of an unborn baby may be made.
Some ultrasonography machines can produce color pictures, of sorts. Doppler ultrasonography is color coded onto a gray scale picture. From the amount of energy in each echo, the difference in acoustic impedance can be calculated and a color is then assigned accordingly.

See also Densitometry and 3D Ultrasound.
Vivid 7 Dimension
gehealthcare.com/usen/ultrasound/products/vivid7_dim.html From GE Healthcare.;
'Vivid 7 Dimension, a premier cardiovascular ultrasound system from GE Healthcare, expands on the strength of a powerful imaging platform to offer new, innovative technology of dimensional proportions.'

Device Information and Specification
APPLICATIONS
CONFIGURATION
17' high resolution non-interlaced flat CRT, 4 active probe ports, integrated gel warmer
RANGE OF PROBE TYPE
Multi-frequency, linear, convex, phased, sector
B-mode, C-mode, M-mode (and 2-D), triplex mode, harmonic imaging, color flow mapping, 3D ultrasound display, power Doppler imaging (PDI), color Doppler, pulsed wave Doppler, continuous wave Doppler, tissue velocity imaging (TVI), tissue type imaging (TTI), strain rate imaging (SRI), tissue synchronization imaging (TSI)
IMAGING OPTIONS
CINE review with 5 speed types, bi- andtri-plane imaging with e.g. stress echo and tissue synchronization imaging
OPTIONAL PACKAGE
digital stress echo
STORAGE, CONNECTIVITY, OS
Patient and image archive, HDD, MOD, DVD, USB flash card, DICOM 3.0 Windows-based
DATA PROCESSING
Digital beamformer with 1024 system processing channel technology
H*W*D m (inch.)
1.58 * 0.64 * 0.89 (62 * 25 * 35)
WEIGHT
191 kg (420 lbs.)
POWER CONSUMPTION
less than 2 KVA
Vivid i
gehealthcare.com/usen/ultrasound/products/vividi_index.html.html From GE Healthcare.;
'The incredible Vivid i system establishes a completely new level of cardiovascular performance that gives clinicians the freedom to get diagnostic results outside of the echo lab.'


Device Information and Specification
APPLICATIONS
CONFIGURATION
Notebook
IMAGING OPTIONS
Multiple focal zones, coded octave harmonics, triplex and duplex display, automatic tissue optimization (ATO)
STORAGE, CONNECTIVITY, OS
Patient and image archive, HDD, DICOM, CD/DVD, MOD, USB flash, PCMCIA, eVue for remote monitoring, MPEGvue foruniversal record sharing
H*W*D cm (inch.)
7 * 36 * 32 (2.6 x 14.1 x 12.3)
WEIGHT
5 kg (11 lbs.)
POWER CONSUMPTION
Rechargeable battery provides up to 1.0 hour of full scan operation
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