Dual frequency phased array transducers allow performing third or fourth harmonic imaging. This array design contains two different types of elements arranged in an interleaved pattern (odd and even elements). The elements can work individually and at a distinct frequency enabling separate transmission and receiving modes.

The dynamic range in signal processing is the range between the minimum low intensity and maximum high intensity signals that a system is capable of displaying.

See also QB-Mode.

Echocardiography is the ultrasound examination of the heart. Depending on the used ultrasound system, echocardiograms can be two-dimensional slices or 3D real-time images of the heart. Based on the ultrasound principles the direction and speed of blood flow can be utilized e.g., to diagnose a leaking or stenosed valve or to identify intracardiac shunts.

Different types of echocardiography:
The transthoracic echocardiogram (images are taken through the chest wall) is a non-invasive, highly accurate and quick assessment of the overall health of the heart.
A more invasive method is to insert a specialized scope containing an echocardiography transducer (TEE probe) into the esophagus, and record images from there. The advantages are clearer images, since the transducer is closer to the heart.
Contrast echocardiogram (CE) is already a valuable tool to delineate endocardial borders, direct invasive procedures, detect intracardiac shunts, assess myocardial perfusion and viability, and quantify coronary flow reserve and blood volumes (see also hemoglobin). The mechanism of microbubble CE is based on the physical principles of rarefaction and compression, leading to volume pulsations of microbubbles, and it is this change that results in CE signal.
Stress echocardiograms are echocardiography exams used for detection of coronary artery disease.

See also Diastole, Bicycle Stress Echocardiography, Resistive Index, and M-Mode Echocardiography.

From ESAOTE S.p.A.;
'The AU5 EPI is an ultrasound system for multi-disciplinary use that incorporates all the transducer technologies (linear, convex, phased array, and annular array) adapted to today's most diverse diagnostic requirements. Furthermore it offers the most modern and advanced techniques available today on the market.'

From ESAOTE S.p.A.;
'The Aquila offers health care professionals worldwide a high quality, practical black & white ultrasound scanner. The Aquila provides the image quality needed to make reliable diagnoses, while remaining easy to operate and transport, features necessary in the busy environment of the modern General/Family Medicine or OB/GYN practice.'