Classification by the Food and Drug Administration of medical devices according to potential risks like e.g. ultrasonic heating. The US FDA 510k document provides guidance in the preparation of a regulatory submission to prevent hazards.

Handheld ultrasound systems are portable devices for smartphone or tablet and are increasingly common in emergency, intensive care and veterinary medicine, but also in the pocket of the stationary doctor. This type of ultrasound machine enables immediate diagnoses directly on site (handheld point-of-care-ultrasound / HPOCUS) and quickly provide information regarding the patient's further care. Handheld ultrasound machines fit into a single-use plastic cover and can be easily disinfected, making them particularly useful in infectious environments.
The most striking advantage of handheld POCUS devices is the small footprint. The design is very compact, lightweight (approx. 200 g/0,44 lbs. - 500 g/1,1 lbs) and flexible. Due to this compactness and the necessary technical compression, the quality of the imaging is still limited compared to 'high-end devices', but sufficient to the extent that handheld ultrasound devices are already successfully used in many medical disciplines.
Depending on the model, handheld ultrasound systems run on Android, iOS, Windows or proprietary operating systems. They are connected to the end device via USB cable or wirelessly via Bluetooth or WiFi. The respective end device is used as an ultrasound monitor to display the ultrasound images. The associated app is operated via touchscreen, although some devices have a few buttons, e.g. for recording ultrasound images or freeze images. The images can be stored and managed on the end device itself, the inserted memory card or in the cloud. Theoretically, also a private smartphone can be connected, but this can lead to complications with reimbursement.
See also Portable Ultrasound Machine, Ultrasound Technology, Environmental Protection, Ultrasound Accessories and Supplies and Sonographer.

Ultrasound technology has evolved significantly, providing sonographers with a wide range of ultrasound machines. As technology has advanced, portable ultrasound equipment, including handheld ultrasound systems, have emerged in the field of medical imaging. However, these devices may have limited imaging capabilities and reduced image quality compared to larger systems.
Types of ultrasound systems compiled according to their portability:

In summary, pros and cons of portable ultrasound machines:

See also Ultrasound Accessories and Supplies, Environmental Protection, Sonographer, Ultrasound Technology and Equipment Preparation.

Ultrasound machines, widely used in medical imaging, are essential tools in the field of diagnostic ultrasound. These devices utilize high-frequency sound waves to create real-time images of internal body structures. Ultrasound machines consist of several key components that work together to generate diagnostic images. These include:
B-mode machines represent the vast majority of machines used in echocardiology, obstetrical scans, abdominal scans, gynecological scans, etc. B-mode ultrasound machines usually produce the sector (or pie segment-shaped) scans. These ultrasound scans require either a mechanical scanner transducer (the transducer moves to produce the sector scan), or a linear array transducer operated as a phased array.


Ultrasound machines come in different types, each catering to specific clinical needs. The two primary types are stationary and portable ultrasound machines:


See also Handheld Ultrasound, Ultrasound System Performance, Equipment Preparation, Coaxial Cable, and Microbubble Scanner Modification, Environmental Protection and Ultrasound Accessories and Supplies.

A filter in electronics is a circuit that only passes certain signals. In ultrasound is a filter a device to suppress acoustic or electromagnetic waves of certain frequencies, letting other frequencies pass, e.g. high pass filter, low pass filter. The high pass filter is the wall filter (also called thump filter) used in Doppler devices to eliminate low frequency Doppler shifts caused by clutter. For blood flow measurement, a low pass filter is often used to strip out high frequency noise, leaving only the biological components of interest. Frame averaging is a form of a low pass filter.