From GE Healthcare.;
'The System of Choice for General Imaging
Imagine a leading-edge ultrasound system so versatile that it can meet the demands of virtually any clinical setting. With the LOGIQ® 9, you'll have a high-performance system capable of multi-dimensional imaging for a full range of clinical applications - from abdominal to breast to vascular imaging. And an ergonomic design that improves scanning comfort and clinical work flow. Now, imagine what LOGIQ® 9 could do for you and your patients.'

A liver sonography is a diagnostic tool to image the liver and adjoining upper abdominal organs such as the gallbladder, spleen, and pancreas. Deeper structures such as liver and pancreas are imaged at a lower frequency 1-6 MHz with lower axial and lateral resolution but greater penetration. The diagnostic capabilities in this area can be limited by gas in the bowel scattering the sound waves.
The application of microbubbles may be useful for detection of liver lesions and for lesion characterization. Some microbubbles have a liver-specific post vascular phase where they appear to be taken up by the reticuloendothelial system (RES). Dynamic contrast enhanced scans in a similar way as with CT or MRI can be used to studying the arterial, venous and tissue phase.
After a bolus injection, early vascular enhancement is seen at around 30sec in arterialized lesions (e.g., hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH)). Later enhancement is typical of hemangiomas with gradually filling towards the center. In the late phase at around 90sec, HCCs appear as defects against the liver background. Most metastases are relatively hypovascular and so do not show much enhancement and are seen as signal voids in the different phases.
Either with an intermittent imaging technique or by continuous scanning in a nondestructive, low power mode, characteristic time patterns can be used to differentiate lesions.

See also Medical Imaging, B-Mode, High Intensity Focused Ultrasound, Ultrasound Safety and Contrast Medium.

The M-mode (Motion-mode) ultrasound is used for analyzing moving body parts (also called time-motion or TM-mode) commonly in cardiac and fetal cardiac imaging. The application of B-mode and a strip chart recorder allows visualization of the structures as a function of depth and time. The M-mode ultrasound transducer beam is stationary while the echoes from a moving reflector are received at varying times.
A single beam in an ultrasound scan is used to produce the one-dimensional M-mode picture, where movement of a structure such as a heart valve can be depicted in a wave-like manner. The high sampling frequency (up to 1000 pulses per second) is useful in assessing rates and motion, particularly in cardiac structures such as the various valves and the chamber walls.

From ESAOTE S.p.A.;
'Megas CVX is your fully digital beamformer ultrasound system with phased, linear, convex and annular array technology.
The modern modularity offers basic B-Mode, PW-CW Doppler, CFM and Power Doppler, TEI™-Tissue Enhancement Imaging and CnTI™- Contrast Tuned Imaging™.'

As far as ultrasound is concerned, 4D ultrasound (also referred to as live 3D ultrasound or 4B-mode) is the latest ultrasound technology - the fourth dimension means length, width, and depth over time. 4D Ultrasound takes 3D ultrasound images and adds the element of time to the progress so that a moving three-dimensional image is seen on the monitor. A 4D scan takes the same amounts of time as a 2D or 3D scan; the difference is the ultrasound equipment being used. One advantage of a 4D fetal ultrasound to a 2D-mode is that parents can see how their baby will generally look like. However, there are different opinions over the medical advantages.
To scan a 3D ultrasound image, the probe is swept over the maternal abdomen. A computer takes multiple images and renders the 3D picture. With 4D imaging, the computer takes the images as multiple pictures while the probe is hold still and a 3D image is simultaneously rendered in real time on a monitor.
In most cases, the standard 2D ultrasound is taken, and then the 3D/4D scan capability is added if an abnormality is detected or suspected. The 3D/4D sonogram is then focused on a specific area, to provide the details needed to assess and diagnose a suspected problem. A quick 4D scan of the face of the fetus may be performed at the end of a routine exam, providing the parents with a photo.
See also Obstetric and Gynecologic Ultrasound, Pregnancy Ultrasound, Fetal Ultrasound and Abdominal Ultrasound.